铁路地质灾害早期识别与监测预警技术及应用研究

孙琪皓; 刘桂卫; 王飞; 张璇钰; 王衍汇

doi:10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202302100005

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铁路地质灾害早期识别与监测预警技术及应用研究

线路/路基/轨道 | 更新时间：2024-09-20

- 铁路地质灾害早期识别与监测预警技术及应用研究
- Research and Application of Early Identification, Monitoring and Warning Technology of Railway Geological Disasters
- 铁道标准设计 2024年68卷第9期页码：24-31
- 作者机构：
  
  中国铁路设计集团有限公司，天津　300143
- 作者简介：
  
  孙琪皓（1993—），男，工程师，2021年毕业于中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所地质工程专业，工学博士，主要从事铁路地质勘察与地质灾害防治工作，E-mail：sqhqqyx@163.com。
- 基金信息：
  
  中国铁路设计集团有限公司科技开发重点课题(2020YY241013;2021A240403;2021A240408;2022A02264005)
- DOI：10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202302100005
  中图分类号： U212.22; U213
- 收稿：2023-02-10，
  
  修回：2023-03-06，
  
  网络首发：2023-05-23，
  
  纸质出版：2024-09-20
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
孙琪皓, 刘桂卫, 王飞, 等. 铁路地质灾害早期识别与监测预警技术及应用研究[J]. 铁道标准设计, 2024,68(9):24-31.

SUN Qihao, LIU Guiwei, WANG Fei, et al. Research and Application of Early Identification, Monitoring and Warning Technology of Railway Geological Disasters[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2024, 68(9): 24-31.
孙琪皓, 刘桂卫, 王飞, 等. 铁路地质灾害早期识别与监测预警技术及应用研究[J]. 铁道标准设计, 2024,68(9):24-31. DOI： 10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202302100005.

SUN Qihao, LIU Guiwei, WANG Fei, et al. Research and Application of Early Identification, Monitoring and Warning Technology of Railway Geological Disasters[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2024, 68(9): 24-31. DOI： 10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202302100005.

摘要

地质灾害隐患是我国山区铁路运输安全面临的巨大威胁，及早发现、诊断和处置灾害隐患对于铁路安全风险防范具有重要意义。为满足隐患精细化防治需求，系统归纳总结了我国山区运营铁路普遍存在的地质灾害隐患类型及特征，通过将灾害筛查、危险性评估与监测预警技术有机结合与融合应用，提出了基于天空地多源遥感和人工智能的铁路地质灾害早期识别与监测预警技术路线。研究表明：（1）我国山区铁路的地质灾害隐患主要表现出高位陡坡多、隐蔽性和潜伏性强、受工程扰动影响大、远程链式致灾和缓变型隐患分布广泛5种突出特征；（2）联合采用卫星遥感、InSAR、机载LIDAR和无人机遥感技术，实现了不同类型灾害隐患的精细化识别，形成了多层次立体化的铁路沿线隐患筛查技术方法；（3）融合应用机器学习、图像识别及变化检测等人工智能方法，提出了铁路沿线灾害危险性评估与监测预警技术路线，并通过工程应用验证了技术方案的有效性；（4）结合铁路工程特点，提出了以“区域-区段-工点”为主线的铁路地质灾害三级防控策略，构建了适用于铁路运维的地质灾害早期识别与监测预警技术体系。

Abstract

Geological hazards pose a significant threat to the safety of railway transportation in China's mountainous regions

making early detection

diagnosis

and mitigation of these risks essential for ensuring railway safety. In order to meet the demand for advanced hazard prevention and control

this study systematically summarized the common types and characteristics of geological hazards found along mountainous railways in China. By integrating disaster screening

hazard assessment

monitoring and early warning technologies

a technical route for the early identification

monitoring

and early warning of railway geological hazards

based on air-ground multi-source remote sensing and artificial intelligence

was proposed. The study revealed that: (1)Geological hazards in China's mountainous railways mainly exhibit five prominent characteristics: numerous high

steep slopes

strong concealment and latency

high susceptibility to engineering disturbances

remote chain-triggered disasters and widespread slow-evolving hazards; (2)The joint use of satellite remote sensing

InSAR

airborne LIDAR and UAV remote sensing technologies enables detailed identification of different hazard types

forming a multi-tiered and comprehensive hazard screening method along railway lines; (3)By integrating artificial intelligence methods such as machine learning

image recognition and change detection

a technical route for hazard assessment

monitoring

and early warning along railway lines was developed

and its effectiveness was verified through engineering applications; (4)Based on the characteristics of railway engineering

a three-level prevention and control strategy for railway geological hazards-centered on "region-section-worksite" -was proposed

and a technical system for early identification

monitoring

and early warning of geological hazards suitable for railway operations and maintenance was established.

关键词

Keywords

references

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