合肥地区中低压缩性黏土固结变形的微观机制研究

黄世光; 余雷; 周先才; 崔俊杰; 蒋红光; 王祥; 刘依依; 史佳豪

doi:10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202507310001

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合肥地区中低压缩性黏土固结变形的微观机制研究

线路/路基/轨道 | 更新时间：2026-09-28

- 合肥地区中低压缩性黏土固结变形的微观机制研究
- Study on Microscopic Mechanism of Consolidation Deformation of Medium-Low-Compressibility Clay in Hefei Area
- 铁道标准设计 2026年70卷第10期页码：33-39
- 作者机构：
  
  中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司，北京 100055
  中国铁路经济规划研究院有限公司，北京 100038
  山东大学齐鲁交通学院，济南 250002
  中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司，武汉 430063
  山东建筑大学土木工程学院，济南 250101
- 作者简介：
  
  黄世光（1985—），男，高级工程师，工学博士，主要从事岩土工程、地质工程和路基工程研究工作，E-mail:305744885@qq.com。
  通信作者：蒋红光（1985—），男，教授，主要从事交通岩土工程研究工作，E-mail:hongguang_jiang@sdu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金面上项目(52378353);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(N2023G062);中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司科研重点课题(KY2024A010)
- DOI：10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202507310001
  中图分类号： U213.1;S152
- 收稿：2025-07-31，
  
  修回：2025-08-02，
  
  网络首发：2025-08-07，
  
  纸质出版：2026-10-20
- 稿件说明：
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黄世光, 余雷, 周先才, 等. 合肥地区中低压缩性黏土固结变形的微观机制研究[J]. 铁道标准设计, 2026,70(10):33-39.

HUANG Shiguang, YU Lei, ZHOU Xiancai, et al. Study on Microscopic Mechanism of Consolidation Deformation of Medium-Low-Compressibility Clay in Hefei Area[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2026, 70(10): 33-39.
黄世光, 余雷, 周先才, 等. 合肥地区中低压缩性黏土固结变形的微观机制研究[J]. 铁道标准设计, 2026,70(10):33-39. DOI： 10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202507310001.

HUANG Shiguang, YU Lei, ZHOU Xiancai, et al. Study on Microscopic Mechanism of Consolidation Deformation of Medium-Low-Compressibility Clay in Hefei Area[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2026, 70(10): 33-39. DOI： 10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202507310001.

摘要

【目的】

中低压缩性土地基广泛分布于我国高速铁路沿线，具有结构性强、压缩性低、沉降收敛快等特点。然而，该类土体在加载过程中孔隙水压力响应微弱、排水变形不显著，传统排水固结理论难以有效解释其变形机制。为揭示中低压缩性黏土在固结加载过程中的微观结构演化机制，明确其微观结构变化对宏观沉降特性的影响规律。

【方法】

以合肥地区中低压缩性黏土为研究对象，旨在通过多尺度试验手段揭示微观结构与土体工程性能之间的内在联系，为类似地基工程中的沉降控制与稳定性分析提供理论依据。采用环境扫描电镜（ESEM）及压汞试验（MIP），对合肥地区不同深度（4.4～5.0 m和7.6～8.2 m）原状黏土样在不同固结轴压下的微观结构演化特征进行分析。

【结果】

试验表明，原状土孔径分布呈现双峰特征，反映出骨架孔与胶结孔共存的结构。随着固结轴压提升，孔隙结构由双峰向单峰演化，最大主峰频率达21.3%。同时，ESEM图像显示，随着轴压增大，黏结的土体颗粒破碎呈小颗粒，颗粒重组增强，孔隙闭合加剧，结构致密性显著提高。孔隙压缩与颗粒结构演变同步发展，共同构成中低压缩性黏土快速固结的微观机制。微观结构重构支撑土体呈现出小变形和快速收敛的宏观特征。

【结论】

研究成果可为同类土质地基变形与稳定性分析提供理论支撑。

Abstract

[Objective]

Medium-low-compressibility soil foundations are widely distributed along high-speed railway lines in China and exhibit strong structural characteristics

low compressibility

and rapid settlement convergence.However

this type of soil exhibits weak pore water pressure responses and insignificant drainage deformation during loading

making it difficult for traditional drainage consolidation theory to effectively explain its deformation mechanism.This study aims to reveal the microstructural evolution mechanism of medium-low-compressibility clay during consolidation loading

and clarify the influence of microstructural changes on macroscopic settlement characteristics.

[Methods]

Medium-low-compressibility clay from the Hefei area was used as the research object.Multiscale test methods were used to reveal the intrinsic relationship between soil microstructure and engineering properties

thereby providing a theoretical basis for settlement control and stability analysis in similar foundation engineering.Environmental scanning electron microscopy（ESEM）and mercury intrusion porosimetry（MIP）were used to analyze the microstructural evolution characteristics of undisturbed clay samples collected at different depths（4.4～5.0 m and 7.6～8.2 m）in the Hefei area under different axial consolidation stresses.

[Results]

The test results showed that the pore size distribution of undisturbed soil exhibited bimodal characteristics

reflecting the coexistence of framework pores and cementation pores.As the axial consolidation stress increased

the pore structure evolved from a bimodal distribution to a unimodal distribution

and the maximum dominant peak frequency reached 21.3%.ESEM images showed that

as the axial stress increased

bonded soil particles fragmented into smaller particles

particle rearrangement intensified

pore closure intensified

and structural compactness increased significantly.Pore compression and particle structure evolution occurred simultaneously

jointly constituting the microscopic mechanism of rapid consolidation of medium-low-compressibility clay.Microstructural reorganization supported the macroscopic characteristics of small deformation and rapid convergence exhibited by the soil.

[Conclusion]

The findings provide theoretical support for deformation and stability analysis of similar soil foundations.

关键词

Keywords

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