基于InSAR和光学影像的高速铁路差异沉降成因溯源方法研究

李广宇; 周文明; 高至飞; 甘俊

doi:10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202407200001

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基于InSAR和光学影像的高速铁路差异沉降成因溯源方法研究

线路/路基/轨道 | 更新时间：2026-06-22

- 基于InSAR和光学影像的高速铁路差异沉降成因溯源方法研究
- Research on Traceability Method for Causes of Differential Settlement in High-Speed Railway Based on InSAR and Optical Images
- 铁道标准设计 2026年70卷第5期页码：42-49
- 作者机构：
  
  中国铁路设计集团有限公司，天津 300308
  中国铁路广州局集团有限公司，广州 510088
- 作者简介：
  
  作者简介：李广宇（1992—），男，工程师，2018年毕业于西南交通大学测绘科学与技术专业，工学硕士，主要从事铁路测绘工作，E-mail: liguangyu@crdc.com。
- 基金信息：
  
  中国国家铁路集团有限公司重点课题(P2022X001);中国铁路设计集团有限公司重点课题(2023A0240101)
- DOI：10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202407200001
  中图分类号： U238;U213.1
- 收稿：2024-07-20，
  
  修回：2024-10-16，
  
  网络首发：2025-03-06，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-20
- 稿件说明：
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李广宇, 周文明, 高至飞, 等. 基于InSAR和光学影像的高速铁路差异沉降成因溯源方法研究[J]. 铁道标准设计, 2026,70(5):42-49.

LI Guangyu, ZHOU Wenming, GAO Zhifei, et al. Research on Traceability Method for Causes of Differential Settlement in High-Speed Railway Based on InSAR and Optical Images[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2026, 70(5): 42-49.
李广宇, 周文明, 高至飞, 等. 基于InSAR和光学影像的高速铁路差异沉降成因溯源方法研究[J]. 铁道标准设计, 2026,70(5):42-49. DOI： 10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202407200001.

LI Guangyu, ZHOU Wenming, GAO Zhifei, et al. Research on Traceability Method for Causes of Differential Settlement in High-Speed Railway Based on InSAR and Optical Images[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2026, 70(5): 42-49. DOI： 10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202407200001.

摘要

【目的】

高铁路基差异沉降成因与邻近地面沉降、地表覆盖等周边环境之间的关系对铁路建设和运维整治至关重要，而常规监测手段无法实现路基及周边历史地面沉降和地表覆盖时空连续演化及影响关系的监测分析。【方法】为开展高铁路基差异沉降成因溯源研究，根据2018—2020年某铁路运营监测数据确定路基差异沉降段作为试验区，联合卫星PS-InSAR和光学影像目视解译分析铁路路基差异沉降成因与地面沉降、地表覆盖变化之间的关系，利用克里金内插、断面提取等GIS方法获取铁路线上及邻近地面沉降和地表覆盖变化的时空对比专题成果，通过不同目标结果的多维验证揭示了该段铁路路基差异沉降成因。

【结果】

试验结果显示：（1）线位周边的新建和高密集居民区共9处，与线位左右侧4处不均匀沉降中心区的空间位置重叠，2018—2020年最大沉降速率分别为69

35 mm/a;（2）路基线上不同断面位置存在38

24 mm/a和11mm/a的差异沉降，且相同断面的历年地面差异沉降方向基本一致；（3）时空演化分析揭示了路基邻近地面沉降中心演化与邻近地面施工状态（横断面2和3）、高密度居住区（横断面1和4）的时空变化特征契合。

【结论】

联合卫星InSAR和光学影像开展路基及周边地面沉降与地表覆盖变化监测分析，能够揭示路基线上差异沉降成因与周边环境影响因素的关系，并为铁路路基差异沉降成因溯源提供可行的方法参考。

Abstract

[

Objective

]

The causes of differential settlement of high-speed railway subgrades and their relationships with adjacent ground settlement

surface coverage

and other surrounding environmental factors are crucial for railway construction

operation

and maintenance management. However，conventional monitoring methods cannot monitor and analyze the spatiotemporal continuous evolution of historical ground settlement and surface coverage

nor their influence relationships in the surrounding area of the subgrade. [

Methods

]

To investigate the traceability of causes of differential settlement in high-speed railway subgrades

a study area with differential settlement was identified based on the operational monitoring data of a certain railway from 2018 to 2020.The causes of differential settlement of the high-speed railway subgrade and their relationships with ground settlement and surface coverage changes were analyzed by integrating satellite PS-InSAR data and visual interpretation of optical imagery.GIS methods such as Kriging interpolation and cross-section extraction were used to obtain thematic spatiotemporal comparative results of ground settlement and surface coverage changes along the railway line and its vicinity.

Multidimensional validation of multiple analysis results revealed the causes of differential settlement in this railway section. [

Results

]

The results showed:（1）there were nine newly developed and highdensity residential areas around the railway alignment

spatially overlapping with four centers of uneven settlement zones on both sides of the line. The maximum settlement rates from 2018 to 2020 were 69 mm/a

50 mm/a

and 35 mm/a

respectively.（2）Differential settlements of 38 mm/a

24 mm/a

and 11 mm/a were observed at different cross-section positions along the subgrade

and the direction of differential ground settlement at the same cross-section remained generally consistent over the years.（3）The spatiotemporal evolution analysis revealed that the evolution of the ground settlement centers near the subgrade corresponded well with the spatiotemporal change characteristics of the nearby ground construction status（cross-sections 2 and 3）and high-density residential areas（cross-sections 1 and 4）. [

Conclusion

]

The integration of satellite InSAR and optical imagery for monitoring and analyzing ground settlement and surface coverage changes around the subgrade can reveal the relationship between the causes of differential settlement on the subgrade line and the influencing factors of the surrounding environment

providing a feasible methodological reference for tracing the causes of differential settlement in railway subgrade.

关键词

Keywords

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