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Editor-in-Chief：LIU Jiafeng

Founded in:1957

ISSN: 1004-2954

Governed by: China Railway Engineering Group Limited

Sponsored by: China Railway Engineering Design and Consulting Group Co., Ltd.

Address: No. 15, Guang'an Road, Fengtai District Beijing China

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Volume 70  Issue 10，2026

  • Special Contribution

    Development and Preliminary Application of a Horizontal Jet Grouting Test Device

    WANG Fuming, CAI Zhiyan, PEI Yuehao, GUO Chengchao, ZHANG Fa, TAN Ting

    Vol. 70, Issue 10, Pages: 1-9(2026) DOI: 10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202605220001
    Abstract：[Objective]In view of the poor reinforcement effect of conventional grouting in soft and fractured strata of deep-buried tunnels and the lack of an indoor horizontal jet grouting test device,this study aims to develop a horizontal jet grouting test device capable of simulating certain in-situ stress conditions and to conduct a preliminary application study.[Methods]The device consisted of four parts:a grouting system,a jet grouting system,a loading system,and a data acquisition and control system.The loading system provided a maximum loading capacity of 120 t,simulating a formation stress of 1.2 MPa.The jet grouting system enabled stepless adjustment and precise control of rotational speed of 0～50 rpm and extension/retraction speed of 0～50 cm/min.The grouting system supported accurate metering and 1:1 mixing of two-component polymer materials.With the ultracataclasite stratum in Xianglushan Tunnel of the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project as the engineering background, a preliminary test was conducted using polymer grouting material under conditions of an overburden surrounding rock pressure of 1 MPa,a grouting pressure of 20 MPa,a rotational speed of 15 rpm,and an extension/retraction speed of 10 cm/min.[Results]The results showed that the device operated stably,the systems exhibited good coordination,and an elliptic cylindrical jet-grouting pile was successfully formed.The cross section of the jet-grouting pile exhibited a gradient structure consisting of a replacement zone,a mixed zone,and a permeation zone from the inside to the outside,and the core samples exhibited typical resilient softening characteristics with high residual strength.A three-level framework for resilient reinforcement of surrounding rock was proposed,comprising material-level,component-level,and system-level resilience.The mechanism of resilient reinforcement by which polymer jet-grouting piles achieved coordinated energy dissipation across multiple zones through their gradient structures was discussed.[Conclusion]The development of the device provides a technical means for the laboratory evaluation of the reinforcement effect of horizontal jet grouting in soft and fractured strata of deep-buried tunnels.It has practical engineering value and scientific significance for optimizing jet-grouting process parameters and developing resilient reinforcement theory.  
    Keywords：tunnel engineering;test device;jet grouting test;Weak surrounding rock;resilient rein-forcement  
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    Updated：2026-09-28

  • Planning/Transportation

    Research on Technical Conditions and Speed Limits for Speed Increase on Existing 250 km/h High-speed Railway Lines

    QIAN Keyuan, LIN Hongsong, CAI Wenfeng, YU Haowei, DAI Feng

    Vol. 70, Issue 10, Pages: 10-18(2026) DOI: 10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202504160001
    Abstract：[Objective]This study aims to identify the controlling factors restricting speed increases on curved sections of existing 250 km/h high-speed railway infrastructure,and to propose upgrading recommendations for speed increase on such infrastructure.[Methods]Based on stochastic vibration and multibody dynamics theories,a vehicle-track coupled dynamics model was established.[Results]（1）Under the requirements of current technical standards,the potential for increasing vehicle speed on existing 250 km/h railway infrastructure was limited,and the maximum operating speed of vehicles cannot reach 300 km/h.（2）The maximum design superelevation specified in current standards restricted further vehicle speed increases.Increasing the maximum design superelevation to 200 mm was recommended.（3）The cant deficiency played a decisive role in the vehicle dynamic performance on circular curve sections,and the maximum cant deficiency of 90 mm specified in current standards was relatively stringent.It was recommended that this value be gradually increased to 100～105 mm.（4）Within a certain range of variation, the intermediate circular curve length and rate of change of superelevation had limited effects on vehicle dynamic performance.It was recommended that the minimum intermediate circular curve length be gradually reduced from 0.6V to 0.4V（V represents the design speed）,and the maximum rate of change of superelevation be gradually increased from 31 mm/s to 45 mm/s,so that the intermediate circular curve length and transition curve length of existing infrastructure can meet the operating requirements after speed increase.（5）After the track superelevation was adjusted to 200 mm,the maximum operating speeds under the three curve radii of R=2800,3200,and 3500 m can reach 272,288,and 303 km/h,respectively.[Conclusion]The intrinsic interrelationships among plane curve parameters are revealed.The effects of cant deficiency,intermediate circular curve length,and rate of change of superelevation on vehicle dynamic performance are clarified.The speed limits of vehicle operation under different track superelevation conditions are obtained through analysis.The research methods and findings can provide guidance and reference for similar studies.  
    Keywords：high-speed railway;speed increase limit;dynamics;track parameters;technical conditions  
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    Updated：2026-09-28

  • Planning/Transportation

    Research on Construction Plans for Capacity Expansion and Renovation of Baoji-Chengdu Railway

    LIU Xin

    Vol. 70, Issue 10, Pages: 19-23(2026) DOI: 10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202501240001
    Abstract：[Objective]The Baoji-Chengdu Railway is one of the crucial railway corridors connecting Southwest and Northwest China.However,the Baoji-Yangpingguan section remains a single-track railway with a capacity utilization rate of 93.3%,indicating that its capacity has reached saturation.Furthermore,the effective length of arrival-departure tracks in this section is only 650～700 m,and the traction tonnage is only 2600/3000 t,which is inconsistent with that of the connecting corridors.Freight trains need to undergo locomotive attachment/detachment and axle adjustment operations at Qinling,Yangpingguan,Guangyuan,and other stations,resulting in inefficient transport organization.As cross-regional freight exchanges between Northwest China and Southwest China and between North China and Southwest China continue to increase during the study period,the need for capacity expansion and renovation of the Baoji-Chengdu corridor has become increasingly prominent.[Methods]Based on the existing problems,functional positioning,and transport demand of the Baoji-Chengdu Railway,this study investigated construction schemes for a high-capacity and high-standard corridor that met transport capacity requirements while ensuring safe and reliable operation.Considering the characteristics of different sections, a “hierarchical and segmented”research method was adopted,and three construction plans were proposed:singletrack capacity expansion,addition of a second track,and construction of a new double-track railway.The plans fully considered the impacts of geological hazards,made rational use of the existing railway,and were comprehensively compared in terms of engineering investment,transport organization,and transport capacity.[Results]The analysis showed that the plan involving construction of a new double-track railway from Baoji to Qinling,addition of a second track from Qinling to Yangpingguan,and extension of the effective length of arrival-departure tracks to 850 m had good compatibility with regional railway transport corridors,met transport demand during the study period,and required lower engineering investment.The plan provided a reference for the capacity expansion and renovation of the Baoji-Chengdu Railway and for improving the transport efficiency of the corridor.[Conclusion]The methods and results can provide guidance and references for similar studies.  
    Keywords：railway planning;Baoji-Chengdu Railway;capacity expansion and renovation;construction plan;construction of a new double-track railway;addition of a second track  
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    Updated：2026-09-28

  • Planning/Transportation

    Risk Assessment of Railway Transportation of Power Lithium Batteries Based on Cloud Model

    SHI Guyue, ZHANG Yuzhao, CHANG Quansheng, ZHANG Hui

    Vol. 70, Issue 10, Pages: 24-32(2026) DOI: 10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202501090003
    Abstract：[Objective]To effectively assess the safety risks of railway transportation of power lithium batteries,reduce the probability of accidents during transportation,and ensure the successful delivery of dangerous goods,this study proposes a risk assessment method based on combined prediction and a cloud model.[Methods]To address the limitations of existing risk assessment methods,a systematic, scientific,and highly operable risk assessment method was selected from the perspective of integrating theory and practice,providing important support for risk management and control in railway transportation of power lithium batteries.First,to scientifically assess the risk level of railway transportation of power lithium batteries,an indicator system for safety assessment was constructed from five aspects:“personnel-equipment-goods-management-environment.”The system comprehensively characterized potential risk sources during railway transportation and provided a basis for subsequent risk assessment.Then,the entropy weight method and the combined ordered weighted averaging（C-OWA）operator were used to determine the combined weights of the indicators.Subsequently,the combined weights were input into the cloud model to calculate the standard evaluation cloud, indicator cloud,and comprehensive cloud,and MATLAB software was then used to generate cloud diagrams of the risk indicators and overall risk assessment.Finally,a dangerous goods freight station in Northwest China was selected as a case study to assess the risks during the railway transportation of power lithium batteries.[Results]The assessment results showed that the comprehensive risk level of this transportation process was within the low-risk range,indicating that railway transportation had certain advantages in safety management and technical support.[Conclusion]The case study verifies the scientific validity and effectiveness of the proposed method,providing important methodological support for safety risk assessment in railway transportation of power lithium batteries.  
    Keywords：railway transportation;Risk assessment;Cloud model;power lithium battery;entropy weight method;C-OWA operator  
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  • Route/Subgrade/Track

    Study on Microscopic Mechanism of Consolidation Deformation of Medium-Low-Compressibility Clay in Hefei Area

    HUANG Shiguang, YU Lei, ZHOU Xiancai, CUI Junjie, JIANG Hongguang, WANG Xiang, LIU Yiyi, SHI Jiahao

    Vol. 70, Issue 10, Pages: 33-39(2026) DOI: 10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202507310001
    Abstract：[Objective]Medium-low-compressibility soil foundations are widely distributed along high-speed railway lines in China and exhibit strong structural characteristics,low compressibility,and rapid settlement convergence.However,this type of soil exhibits weak pore water pressure responses and insignificant drainage deformation during loading,making it difficult for traditional drainage consolidation theory to effectively explain its deformation mechanism.This study aims to reveal the microstructural evolution mechanism of medium-low-compressibility clay during consolidation loading,and clarify the influence of microstructural changes on macroscopic settlement characteristics.[Methods]Medium-low-compressibility clay from the Hefei area was used as the research object.Multiscale test methods were used to reveal the intrinsic relationship between soil microstructure and engineering properties,thereby providing a theoretical basis for settlement control and stability analysis in similar foundation engineering.Environmental scanning electron microscopy（ESEM）and mercury intrusion porosimetry（MIP）were used to analyze the microstructural evolution characteristics of undisturbed clay samples collected at different depths（4.4～5.0 m and 7.6～8.2 m）in the Hefei area under different axial consolidation stresses.[Results]The test results showed that the pore size distribution of undisturbed soil exhibited bimodal characteristics,reflecting the coexistence of framework pores and cementation pores.As the axial consolidation stress increased,the pore structure evolved from a bimodal distribution to a unimodal distribution,and the maximum dominant peak frequency reached 21.3%.ESEM images showed that,as the axial stress increased,bonded soil particles fragmented into smaller particles,particle rearrangement intensified,pore closure intensified,and structural compactness increased significantly.Pore compression and particle structure evolution occurred simultaneously,jointly constituting the microscopic mechanism of rapid consolidation of medium-low-compressibility clay.Microstructural reorganization supported the macroscopic characteristics of small deformation and rapid convergence exhibited by the soil.[Conclusion]The findings provide theoretical support for deformation and stability analysis of similar soil foundations.  
    Keywords：railway subgrade;soil structure evolution;environmental scanning electron microscopy;medium-low-compressibility clay;mercury intrusion porosimetry;pore size distribution  
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    Updated：2026-09-28

  • Route/Subgrade/Track

    Study on Rockfall Movement Characteristics and Protective Measures for Unstable Rock Masses along a High-Speed Railway in a Mountainous Area of Southwest China

    XU Xiaojun, ZHANG Guangze, ZHOU Hang, DING Haojiang, REN Yun, LI Jiayu

    Vol. 70, Issue 10, Pages: 40-49(2026) DOI: 10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202411220002
    Abstract：[Objective]Rockfalls from unstable rock masses pose a serious threat to railway safety, particularly near high-speed railway bridges in the mountainous areas of Southwest China,where the presence of multiple unstable rock masses makes rockfall hazards more prominent.To reduce the threat posed by such natural disasters to railway safety,this study aims to investigate the development characteristics,movement patterns,and impacts of unstable rock masses on railway systems and propose effective protective measures.[Methods]Through field investigations and three-dimensional numerical simulations of an unstable rock mass zone on one side of a high-speed railway bridge,the stability of the unstable rock masses and the movement characteristics of rockfalls in the region were revealed.The terrain in the area was steep,exhibiting nearvertical and overhanging geomorphic features.A total of seven unstable rock masses were identified,all of which were large unstable rock masses located at high to extremely high elevations.The failure modes were primarily characterized by falling and toppling failures. [Results]Numerical simulation results indicated that after detaching from the parent rock,the unstable rock masses moved along the gullies and exhibited a significant channeling effect.In areas with multiple unstable rock masses,rockfall trajectories were influenced by adjacent terrain,causing them to intersect or converge before diverging due to local changes in slope.Ultimately,the movement paths were closely related to the initial positions and terrain undulations.Based on statistical results of rockfall bounce heights and impact energy,an optimized protection scheme using passive protection nets was proposed.The optimized protection scheme included passive protection nets with protection heights of 7 m,6 m,and 6 m and energy levels of 1000 kJ,500 kJ,and 1000 kJ,installed at the slope base,in the left main gully,and in the right main gully,respectively.The proposed scheme could effectively intercept 94% of rockfalls.[Conclusion]The methods and findings can provide guidance and serve as a reference for similar studies.  
    Keywords：high-speed railway;unstable rock masses;rockfall movement characteristics;RocPro3D;Protective Measures  
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    LIU Jianyou, LYU Gang, ZHANG Guohong, XU Youjun

    1211

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  2. 02Research on Traceability Method for Causes of Differential Settlement in High-Speed Railway Based on InSAR and Optical Images

    LI Guangyu, ZHOU Wenming, GAO Zhifei, GAN Jun

    1099

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  3. 03Energy-Saving Online Optimization of High-Speed Train Operation Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

    HUANG Ziling, SHI Hongguo

    1071

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  4. 04High-Speed Railway Curve Control Point Identification Method Based on PELT and Robust Estimation

    XIE Zhifeng, WEI Hui, ZHU Hongtao, YANG Fei, WU Shifeng, ZHAO Linyuan, LI Chang

    1055

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  5. 05Study on Braking Curve Setting Parameters of EMU Train Control On-Board Equipment

    SHENG Tianyi, TIAN Zhiqiang, SHEN Tong

    1052

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  6. 06Resilience Evaluation of Urban Rail Transit Network Based on Passenger Decision-Making Behavior

    WANG Jia, CHEN Xiang, LIN Miaopeng, ZHANG Xiao

    1044

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  7. 07Research on Application of Digital and Intelligent Technologies in Construction Management for Operational Railway Lines

    XIE Yalong, ZHU Baoshi, LIU Yuming, CHEN Liang, WEI Xinyuan, NIE Xianhui

    1041

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  8. 08Effect of Alkali Activation on Calcium Leaching Resistance of Concrete Containing Glass Powder

    JIANG Yajun, ZHENG Yi, SU Yaokun, YU Liangmin, XU Jianqi

    1023

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  9. 09Stability Analysis of Special-Shaped Forked Columns in Railway Passenger Stations Based on Multi-Scale Simulation

    SUN Jianlong, CAI Yujun, DUAN Xibin, MA Xiaoping

    1020

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  10. 10Joint Extraction Method for Overlapping Triples in Fault Knowledge Graph of CTCS On-Board Equipment

    ZHANG Ning, ZHANG Zhenhai

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